1. Give the typical length of time required to a form cinder cone.(Also see the picture on p. 19)
2. Discuss the lava flows sometimes associated with eruptions that form cinder cones.
3. Are cinder cones generally formed by a single eruption or multiple eruptions?
4. Explain why cinder commonly is red.
5. Define (volcanic) bomb. (Also see the picture on p. 21)
6. Define (volcanic) block. (Also see the picture on p. 21)
7. Explain why some eruptions are explosive.
8. Give an example of a pyroclastic cone on O'ahu. (Also see the figure on p. 217)
9. Explain the formation of a littoral pyroclastic cone.
10. Explain why Hawai'i shield volcanoes sink as they form. (Also see the Hawai'i Deep on p. 32)
11. Give the additional depth of the Hawai'i Deep in meters compared to the surrounding sea floor. (1 m = 3.3 ft)
12. Do geologists think that O'ahu, which formed 2-3 Ma, has reached isostatic equilibrium.
13. Explain why a Hawaiian island will continue to sink even after its shield volcanoes reach isostatic equilibrium.
14. Give the evidence for sudden, catastrophic collapse of large portions of a shield volcano (flank collapse). (Also see figures on pp. 34, 82, 98, 193, and 230)
15. How often do flank collapses occur?
16. Explain why flank collapses occur.
17. Which Hawaiian Islands experienced flank collapse?
18. Explain the process of (lava) bench collapse. (Also see the figure on p. 35)