The quiz consists of a) 15 short answer and b) one written question. The quiz topics for the 15 short answer questions are listed below. Of these 15 questions, in general, the first seven questions are from the lecture notes, questions 8-11 are from the first readings discussion of this quiz period, and questions 12-15 are from the second readings discussion. The questions from the lecture notes will have one or two of the math problems covered in lecture.
The potential written questions are listed below.
Eight quiz questions will come from the readings discussion questions: four from the first readings discussion and four from the second readings discussion.
Hot Spots and the Formation of the Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian
Minerals and Igneous Rocks
Seven quiz questions will come from the lecture notes, including at least one math problem.
Give the length of the Hawaiian Archipelago.
Give the depth of the sea floor in the Hawai'i region of the Pacific Ocean.
Give the number of major Hawaiian Islands.
Give the names of the eight major Hawaiian Islands.
Are all of the large islands volcanic in origin?
Give the number of large (shield) volcanoes on the eight major islands.
List the names of the large volcanoes on Hawai'i.
List the names of the large volcanoes on Mau'i.
List the names of the large volcanoes on Kaho'olawe.
List the names of the large volcanoes on Lana'i.
List the names of the large volcanoes on Moloka'i.
List the names of the large volcanoes on O'ahu.
List the names of the large volcanoes on Kaua'i.
List the names of the large volcanoes on Ni'ihau.
In which direction does the Hawaiian Archipelago trend from the Big Island
of Hawai'i?
Describe most of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
Give the depth of the summit of Loih'i.
Give the height of Loih'i.
Define magma.
Define lava.
Does most magma eventually erupt as lava?
List the primary types of volcanoes in the Pacific Region.
Give the location of the East Pacific Rise, the MOR in the Pacific Ocean.
What type of volcanoes form the ring of fire?
Define subduction.
Give the type of plate boundary associated with subduction.
Give the possible mechanisms that generate magma during subduction.
Is volcanism restricted to lithospheric plate boundaries?
Which geological process accounts for most intra-plate volcanism?
Define hot spots.
How many hot spots are identified on Earth?
Can hot spots occurs on both the continents and the sea floor?
Is lava production more voluminous at hot spot volcanoes or volcanoes associated
with subduction?
Explain why the production of lava at hot spot volcanoes is more voluminous
than with volcanoes associated with subduction.
Explain why geologist believe that the rocks that melt to form hot spot volcanoes
comes from deeper in Earth than volcanoes associated with subduction.
Which two criteria are used to classify the layers of Earth into a density structure?
List the three layers in the density structure of Earth.
Give the relative positions of the crust, mantle, and core.
Give the depth of the core/mantle boundary.
Contrast the thicknesses of oceanic crust and continental crust.
Give the composition of the crust.
Give the composition of the mantle.
Give the composition of the core.
Give the deepest possible depth for the region where mantle plumes originate.
Give the depth where the mantle plume reaches neutral buoyancy and stops ascending.
Give the depth of magma generation in the Hawaiian Hot Spot. (Same as the preceding
question)
Explain why magma rises to the crust.
Give the geographic location of the Hawaiian Hot Spot. (i.e. where is it?)
How wide is a hot spot?
Why is the head (top) of a hot spot comparatively wide?
Is the Hawaiian Hot Spot relatively stationary?
Is the Hawaiian Hot Spot stationary?
Give the direction of sea floor spreading (drift) for the Pacific Plate.
Explain why a chain of islands forms if the Hawaiian Hot Spot is relatively
stationary.
List the four layers in the mechanical structure of Earth.
Which two criteria are used to classify Earth into the mechanical structure?
Define viscosity.
Give the relative positions of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, and
core.
List the characteristics of the lithosphere compared to the asthenosphere.
List the characteristics of the asthenosphere compared to the lithosphere.
Explain why the asthenosphere tends to flow when stressed.
Give the primary source of heat for Earth's interior.
What is the geothermal gradient?
Give the geothermal gradient in the crust.
Give the temperature in the core.
Contrast the geothermal gradients of the crust and mantle.
At what temperature do most rocks melt?
If most of interior rocks of Earth are higher than their melting points at surface
pressure, why do they not melt?
Explain why the outer core is molten.
Explain the process of decompression melting.
Where does decompression melting occur in the Hawai'i Hot Spot?
How much of the asthenospheric rocks melts?
Why does magma rise to the lithosphere?
What is a mantle plume?
Give the depth to which the mantle plume rises and where melting occurs.
Where is the Hawai'i Hot Spot?
How deep in the mantle might the hot spot originate?
Give the width of the mantle plume.
Give the width of the mushrooming head of the mantle plume?
Is the hot spot relatively stationary?
Explain why a chain of islands forms?
Give the direction of drift for the Pacific Plate.
Why do individual islands form, i.e. why not a solid ridge of rock?
Describe how the characteristics of the Hawaiian Islands change with increasing
distance from the hot spot.
Explain why the islands get progressively older towards the northwest.
Explain why the islands get progressively more eroded towards the northwest.
Explain why the islands sinks with age and distance from the hot spot.
Describe the Northwestern Hawaiian islands.
How is the Emperor Seamount chain related to the Hawaiian Islands?
The math problems for the quiz are on the Examples of Math Problems page. One or two questions will be a math problem.
The written question will come from lecture topics
Discuss the characteristics of the geography of the Hawaiian Islands.
Discuss the ring of fire.
Discuss hot spots.
Contrast Earth's density structure and its mechanical structure.
Discuss decompression melting.
Discuss the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.
The list of exam topics and potential written questions for the first quiz are complete