The quiz consists of a) 15 short answer and b) one written question. The quiz topics for the 15 short answer questions are listed below. Of these 15 questions, in general, the first seven questions are from the lecture notes, questions 8-11 are from the first readings discussion of this quiz period, and questions 12-15 are from the second readings discussion. The questions from the lecture notes will have one or two of the math problems covered in lecture.
The potential written questions are listed below.
Eight quiz questions will come from the readings discussion questions: four from the first readings discussion and four from the second readings discussion.
Tephra: Pyroclastic Material
Volcanic Hazards
Seven quiz questions will come from the lecture notes, including at least one math problem.
Give the number of naturally-occurring elements in the crust.
Give the number of common minerals.
List the eight most abundant element is the crust.
List the two most abundant elements in the crust, in order.
Explain why most minerals in the crust are silicates.
Explain why Fe is the most abundant element in Earth, as a whole, yet Si and
O are the most abundant elements in the crust.
Why is the simple classification of the minerals, silicates and nonsilicates,
used.
Give the basic structural unit of silicate minerals.
Give the chemical formula for the silicate tetrahedron.
Is the silicate tetrahedron an anion or a cation?
Define anion and cation.
Give the charge of the silicate tetrahedron.
Explain why silicate minerals remain electrically neutral.
List the five primary classes of silicate minerals.
Give the criterion for the classification system.
Give an example of an isolated tetrahedra silicate.
Do the tetrahedra an isolated tetrahedra silicate share oxygens?
Explain the role of cations in an isolated tetrahedra silicate.
Give an example of a single chain silicate.
Do the tetrahedra a single chain silicate share oxygens?
Explain the role of cations in a single chain silicate.
Give an example of a double chain silicate.
Do the tetrahedra a double chain silicate share oxygens?
Explain the role of cations in a double chain silicate.
Give an example of a sheet silicate.
Do the tetrahedra a sheet silicate share oxygens?
Explain the role of cations in a sheet silicate.
Give two examples of framework silicates.
Do the tetrahedra in framework silicates share oxygens?
Explain why feldspars require cations, yet quartz does not.
List the primary cations in silicate minerals.
List two other common mineral groups in Hawai'i besides silicates.
Give the name of the most abundant carbonate mineral in Hawai'i.
Give the chemical formula for calcite.
Give the basic structural unit of carbonates.
Where do most carbonates form in Hawai'i?
Explain why most carbonate minerals in Hawai'i form in the coastal regions.
Why are Fe oxides abundant in Hawai'i?
Explain the formation of Fe oxides.
Give the chemical formula for iron oxides.
Give the basic structural unit of oxides.
Explain why rocks and sediment in Hawai'i commonly are colored red.
Define rocks.
How many distinct types of minerals must a rock contain?
List the three types of rocks.
Define igneous rock.
Define sedimentary rock.
Define metamorphic rock.
Give the relative abundance of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks in
Hawaii.
Where do most sedimentary rocks in Hawai'i form?
List the two classes of igneous rocks
Define intrusive igneous rocks.
Define extrusive igneous rocks.
Give the relative cooling rates of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.
Explain why intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly, whereas extrusive igneous rocks
cool rapidly.
Explain why intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks have distinct textures.
How can geologist determine if an igneous rock is intrusive or extrusive?
Explain how the phaneritic (coarse-grained, macroscopic) texture of intrusive
igneous rocks forms.
Explain how the aphanitic (fine-grained, microscopic) texture of extrusive igneous
rocks forms.
Give the cooling rate of volcanic glass.
Explain the formation of volcanic glass.
Give an example of volcanic glass.
Describe porphyritic texture.
Give the cooling rate of porphyritic igneous rocks.
Explain the formation of igneous rocks with a porphyritic texture.
The math problems for the quiz are on the Examples of Math Problems page. One or two questions will be a math problem.
The written question will come from lecture topics
Discuss silicate minerals.
Discuss the classification system of silicates.
Discuss the other common mineral groups in Hawai'i besides silicates.
Discuss the different types of rocks.
Discuss igneous rocks.
The list of exam topics and potential written questions for the second quiz are complete