The quiz consists of a) 15 short answer and b) one written question. The quiz topics for the 15 short answer questions are listed below. Of these 15 questions, in general, the first seven questions are from the lecture notes, questions 8-11 are from the first readings discussion of this quiz period, and questions 12-15 are from the second readings discussion. The questions from the lecture notes will have one or two of the math problems covered in lecture.
The potential written questions are listed below.
Eight quiz questions will come from the readings discussion questions: four from the first readings discussion and four from the second readings discussion.
Relative Age Dating
Rock Weathering and Soils
Seven quiz questions will come from the lecture notes, including at least one math problem.
Describe the primary characteristic of the declining stage.
Explain why volcanoes enter the declining stage.
Give the composition of the magma in the declining stage.
Explain why alkalic basalts erupt during the declining stage.
Explain the formation of other types of magma during the declining stage.
Describe the differentiation of the magma chamber.
Explain why magmatic differentiation occurs.
Explain why most of the eruptions during the declining stage form pyroclastic
cones.
Describe the fate of the caldera in the declining stage.
Give examples of volcanoes in the declining stage.
When did Mauna Kea last erupt?
When did Hualalai last erupt?
Explain why the declining stage eventually ends.
What happens after the declining stage?
Give an example of a volcano in the long erosional period after the declining
stage.
When did Kohala last erupt?
Give the age of Earth.
List the two types of age dating.
Define relative age dating.
Define absolute age dating.
What is required to date rocks absolutely?
List the two criteria for a geological clock.
Which geological clock is used commonly?
Define isotope.
Which isotopes are radioactive?
Define radioactivity.
What is a parent isotope?
What is a daughter isotope?
What is the constant process required for a geological clock?
What is the record required for a geological clock?
Define half-life.
Define hydrological cycle.
How much of Earth's water is in the ocean?
How much of Earth's water is in the polar ice caps?
How is most water removed from the ocean?
How much of the water evaporated from the ocean returns to the ocean as rain?
How much of the water evaporated from the ocean precipitates on land?
Define runoff.
Which side of a Hawaiian volcano is the wet side, and which is the dry side?
Name the wind belt in the Hawaii region.
From which direction do the Northeast Trade Wind come?
Does warm air or cold air hold more moisture?
Explain why precipitation occurs on the windward side of a volcano as the air
ascends.
Explain why evaporation occurs on the leeward side of a volcano as the air
descends.
Define orographic precipitation.
Explain why Wai'anae is so dry.
The math problems for the quiz are on the Examples of Math Problems page. One question will be a math problem.
The written question will come from lecture topics
Discuss the declining stage.
Discuss absolute age dating.
Discuss the hydrologic cycle.
Discuss orographic precipitation in Hawai'i.
The list of exam topics and potential written questions for the fifth quiz are complete