The quiz consists of a) 15 short answer and b) one written question. The quiz topics for the 15 short answer questions are listed below. Of these 15 questions, in general, the first seven questions are from the lecture notes, questions 8-11 are from the first readings discussion of this quiz period, and questions 12-15 are from the second readings discussion.
The potential written questions are listed below.
Eight quiz questions will come from the readings discussion questions: four from the first readings discussion and four from the second readings discussion.
Seven quiz questions will come from the lecture notes.
Define wave refraction.
Explain why waves refract when they enter coastal waters.
Do most waves approach a coastline perpendicularly or at an angle?
Explain why the part of a wave in shallow water slows more than the part in
deeper water.
In which direction do most wave refract?
Describe an irregular coastline.
Give an example of a headland.
Does a wave first enter shallow water in front of a headland or in front of
a bay?
Contrast the speeds of the part of a wave in front of a headland and the parts
that are entering the adjacent bays.
Explain why waves tend to refract towards headlands.
Are headlands areas of high wave energy or low wave energy?
Are headlands areas of erosion or deposition?
Explain why most headlands are rocky points.
Do waves travel faster in the middle of bays or near the edges of a bay?
Explain why waves tend to disperse in bays.
Are bays areas of high wave energy or low wave energy?
Are bays areas of erosion or deposition?
Explain why beaches tend to form in bays.
Explain why wave refraction tends to straighten irregular coastlines.
Give the chemical composition of black sand beaches.
Give the type of material that forms black sand beaches.
Describe the formation of a black sand beach.
Explain why O'ahu does not have black sand beaches.
Does black sand come from the land or ocean?
Give the chemical composition of green sand beaches.
Give the type of material that forms green sand beaches.
Describe the formation of a green sand beach.
Does green sand come from the land or ocean?
Give the chemical composition of the white sand that forms beaches in Hawaii.
Give name of the mineral that forms white sand beaches.
Describe the formation of this type of sandy beach.
Does white sand come from the land or ocean?
Explain why the profiles of beaches change seasonally.
Contrast the directions of sand moved by large waves and small waves.
Do large or small waves tend to cause deposition of sand on a beach?
Do large or small waves tend to cause erosion of sand from a beach?
When are large waves more common in Hawaii?
When are small waves more common in Hawaii?
Describe the profile of beaches in Hawaii when small waves are more common.
Describe the profile of beaches in Hawaii when large waves are more common.
Explain why beaches experience annual sand loss.
Explain how this loss of sand is balanced so that a beach maintains a relatively
constant state.
The written question will come from lecture topics
Discuss wave refraction.
Discuss the effects of wave refraction on an irregular coastline.
Contrast the different types of sand in Hawaii.
Discuss the seasonal changes in beach profiles.
Discuss coral reefs.
The list of potential exam topics and written questions for the seventh quiz are complete