Answer questions 1-8 using the information in the text, Roadside Geology of Hawaii, starting on p. 33
1. Are all collapses in Hawaii sudden?
2. How far did the largest (flank) collapses flow?
3. When (at which lifestage of Hawaiian volcanoes) do the largest (flank) collapses occur?
4. How often do the largest (flank) collapses occur?
5. Why to the largest (flank) collapses occur?
6. Which islands have been affected by flank collapse? (See top figure on p.34)
7. Describe the size of the largest (flank) collapses.
8. How did most of the large cliffs (pali) in Hawaii form?
Answer questions 9-12 using the information in the following Web site:
Lava Ocean Entry and Bench Collapse
9. What is a lava bench? (Also see diagram)
10. What underlies the lava bench?
11. Which factors cause bench collapse?
12. Give the size of recent bench collapses.
When Lava Enters the Sea: Growth and Collapse of Lava Deltas
13. Explain why glassy, basaltic rubble is formed at lava enters the ocean?
14. Is this loose rubbly material stable?
15. Why are the submarine slopes steep?
16. Explain why lava benches sit on unconsolidated rubble?
17. Why do lava benches sink?
18. Why do lava benches collapse?
For additional information see: