MacDonald, Abbott, and Peterson, Volcanoes in the Sea, Chapter 15, p. 289
1. Where is the final resting place (deposition site) for most sediment?
2. Compare the total volume of sediments and sedimentary rock in the crust to the total area of Earth’s surface covered by sediments and sedimentary rock.
3. Contrast detrital sediment, chemical sediment, and organic sediment.
4. Define lithification. (Also see figs. 15.1 and 15.3)
5. List two ways in which sediments are lithified.
6. List the most common types of cement that lithify sediment.
7. Explain why continental beaches and desert sands generally are composed of quartz.
8. Why is quartz sand extremely rare in Hawaii?
9. Explain the erosional process called sorting.
10. Contrast a conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, siltstone, and claystone. (Also see table 15.1)
11. Explain why poorly-sorted breccias (talus) form at the base of the Nuuanu Pali. (Also see figs. 9.2 and 9.3)
12. Explain the formation of an alluvial fan. (Also see fig. 15.2)
13. Give the source and composition of Hawaii beaches.
14. How does beach rock form? (Also see fig. 15.3)
15. Which are the largest deposits of limestone in Hawaii? (Also see table 15.1)