1. Give the relationship between atmospheric temperatures and water vapor content. (Also see fig. 9.3)
2. Explain why humid air masses are less dense than drier air masses at the same temperature.
3. Explain why atmospheric convection cells form. (Also see CC3 on p. 10CC and fig. 9.9 on p. 208)
4. Give the mathematical equation for Earth's heat budget over geological time. (Also see fig. 9.5)
5. Use fig. 9.5 to give the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is reflected or scattered back to space.
6. Use fig. 9.5 to give the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is absorbed by Earth's atmosphere.
7. Use fig. 9.5 to give the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is absorbed by Earth's surface.
8. Give the primary type of energy radiated by Earth. (Also see fig. 9.3)
9. Explain why the amounts of solar radiation absorbed by Earth's surface varies with latitude. (Also see fig. 9.6b)
10. Use fig. 9.7a to give the heat budget, energy inputs vs energy outputs, at the equator.
11. Use fig. 9.7a to give the heat budget, energy inputs vs energy outputs, at the poles.
12. Explain why the temperatures at the equator are not increasing despite the equatorial heat budget (inputs > outputs) and the annual temperatures at the poles are not decreasing despite the polar heat budget (outputs > inputs). (Also see fig. 9.7)
13. Explain the two mechanisms for transferring heat from the low latitudes to the poles.
14. Contrast climate and weather. (Also see pp. 3G and 16G)
15. Define Coriolis effect. (Also see pp. 4G and CC12, and fig. 9.9)
16. Explain why the equator is a region of low atmospheric pressure. (Also see figs. 9.8 and 9.9)
17. Explain why the poles are regions of high atmospheric pressure. (Also see figs. 9.8 and 9.9)
18. Describe atmospheric circulation on a nonrotating Earth. (See fig. 9.8)
19. State whether air masses ascend or descend at 0o, 30o, 60o, and 90o. (See fig. 9.9)
20. Use fig. 9.9 to describe the atmospheric circulation pattern in the Hadley cell.
21. Use fig. 9.9 to describe the atmospheric circulation pattern in the Ferrel cell.
22. Use fig. 9.9 to describe the atmospheric circulation pattern in the Polar cell.
23. Is Coriolis deflection to the right or left in the Northern Hemisphere? (Also see fig. 9.9)
24. Is Coriolis deflection to the right or left in the Southern Hemisphere? (Also see fig. 9.9)
25. Use fig. 9.9 to give the latitudinal range for the Trade Winds. (e.g. 0o-30o, 30o-60o, or 60o-90o)
26. Use fig. 9.9 to give the latitudinal range for the Westerlies.
27. Use fig. 9.9 to give the latitudinal range for the Polar Easterlies.